National Conference of Charities and Corrections. I am interested therefore in the question of child labor, not merely because I have photographed children of six and seven years whom I have seen at labor in our factories for twelve and thirteen hours a day, not merely because I have seen them with their little fingers mangled by machinery and their little bodies numb and listless with exhaustion, but because I am not willing that our economic progress should be involved in such conditions; and because as a southern man, born, reared, and educated at the south, I am resolved to take my part, however humbly, in the settling of the industrial character of our greatest industry. It is dreadful the way all the comfortable, happy people stay off to themselves. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Jane Addams Significance in History and Education was their reiterated inquiry., Samuel Johnson once remarked that it was surprising to find how much more kindness than justice society contained.. Part of a new generation of college-educated, independent women that historians have called New Women, she sought to put her education to greater use. As a response to increasing concerns over unsafe working conditions and new social science research suggesting that protecting children would benefit society by safeguarding the countrys future, in 1902 Addams co-founded the Child Labor Committee to protest child labor. North and south, it belongs to all of us. The exuberant voice of the newspaper crier, which cut above the chaotic din of the bustling Chicago streets, was more often than not the voice of a child. But when he arrived in South Chicago, police arrested him for vagrancy. The newspapers, the theatrical posters, the street conversations for weeks had to do with war and bloodshed. https://www.thoughtco.com/jane-addams-quotes-3530104 (accessed May 2, 2023). Sarah Addams died a week after giving birth to a premature baby (who also died) in 1863 when Laura Janelater known just as Janewas only two years old. Strides were minimal, and the streets were no less dangerous. Among the number, Italian, German, Irish, and Jewish immigrants were numerous. Jane Addams was born in 1860 in Cedarville, Illinois. Addams wanted better workplace conditions, better compensation for labor, and protection for women and children workers. As my disclaimer I would say that I use the word national in no political or federal sense. Psychologists intimate that action is determined by the selection of the subject upon which the attention is habitually fixed. Addams found her true calling while in London with her friend Ellen Gates Starr in 1888. Addams, however, believed human beings were capable of solving disputes without violence. Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes, p.107, Courier Corporation, Jane Addams (2012). Addams was helped form the National Child Labor Committee, a national organization of activists who exposed the problem of child labor. The investigation in Chicago reported that the newsboys they interviewed had ranged in age from 5-22 and that 127 of them (12%) were under the age of 10. She led campaigns against child labor, worked hard for suffrage (women's . The bill was unsuccessful, but spurred Addams and Hull Houses work toward a juvenile justice system which treated children as children, not as adults and certainly not as criminals. While the path to the FLSA included several unsuccessful and overturned pieces of legislation, they all contributed to a solid Act that, once upheld, led children to stop working and receive an education. There were a few newsboys who made $3-5 dollars a day. The remarkable, illustrated pamphlet that Jane Addams and her group published is now a part of the Jane Addams Digital Edition, where you can read the document in its entirety. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Old-fashioned ways which no longer apply to changed conditions are a snare in which the feet of women have always become readily entangled. "Peace and Bread in Time of War", p.85, University of Illinois Press 63 Copy quote The good we secure for ourselves is precarious and uncertain until it is secured for all of us and incorporated into our common life. When industrialization began in the United States, the labor conditions were dangerous and low-paying. We know of course, how the hospitals are beginning to look into this matter (illnesses), and how they trace certain diseases to the breakdown of the organs which were subjected to abnormal uses, before they were ready to bear it. This is the issue, the intimate and inclusive issue, of this question of child labor at the south. Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes, p.48, Courier Corporation, Jane Addams (2006). W. E. B. Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes, p.120, Courier Corporation, Jane Addams, Berenice A. Carroll, Clinton F. Fink (1907). Addams also served as president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections from 1909-1915, the first woman to hold that title, and became active in the womens suffrage movement as an officer in the National American Womens Suffrage Association and pro-suffrage columnist. Volume 4 will document Addams' leadership of movements for child labor and child protective services, and her work to improve the environments for working class and immigrant people. This is why Addams believed that the protection of child welfare should be directed at the federal level. Nothing could be worse than the fear that one had given up too soon, and left one unexpended effort that might have saved the world. Harvard University Library, Open Collections Program. Jane Addams. Addams vowed to bring that model to the United States, which was in the early years of escalating industrialization and immigration. Call Number: HV741.B836 C5 ISBN: 0674116100 Her father was a prosperous businessman who served in the Civil War and was a state senator for sixteen years. Du Bois Jane Adamas. Welcome back. This concept would change immeasurably during her lifetime, and her legacy of advocating on behalf of children would continue long after Addams death in 1935. The good we secure for ourselves is precarious and uncertain until it is secured for all of us and incorporated into our common life. Private beneficence is totally inadequate to deal with the vast numbers of the city's disinherited. In 1903, Jane Addams was part of a two-day investigation into the lives of newsboys in Chicago. She also pushed for . Sources: Jane Addams, Address to the Merchants Club, March 8, 1902,Jane Addams Digital Edition; Jane Addams and Federation of Chicago Settlements, Newsboy Conditions in Chicago (1903),Jane Addams Digital Edition, accessed March 31, 2017; Chicago Daily Tribune, 7 May 1903, 3:1; 24 June 1903, 1:6; 9 October 1903, 4:3; The Inter Ocean (Chicago, IL); 5 August 1903, 9:5; 13 September 1903, 25:1-7; Aaron Brenner, Benjamin Day, and Immanuel Ness, eds., The Encyclopedia Strikes in American History (New York: Routledge, 2015), 614; Chicago Newspapers, https://chicagology.com/newspapers/; Myron E. Adams, Children in American Street Trades,The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science25 (1905): 23-44. So while Chicagos newsboys raised their voices to sell Chicagoans the news, Jane Addams raised her voice to protect them. http://janeaddams.ramapo.edu/, Twenty Years at Hull House (reprinted online). Social advance depends quite as much upon an increase in moral sensibility as it does upon a sense of duty. One small Italian boy named Antonio, who operated two stands on the corner of Clark and Monroe streets, sold 1,000 newspapers a day. ThoughtCo. See individual items for copyright in documents. Published/Created: 1927. As democracy modifies our conception of life, it constantly raises the value and function of each member of the community, however humble he may be. Jane Addams Collection (resources). This was largely because children were able to fit in tight spaces and operate small machinery. Much of the insensibility and hardness of the world is due to the lack of imagination which prevents a realization of the experiences of other people. Jane Addams Inspiring, Peace, Equality Jane Addams (2012). Jane Addams was born on September 6, 1860 in Cedarville, Illinois. An unscrupulous contractor regards no basement as too dark, no stable loft too foul, no rear shanty too provisional, no tenement room too small for his workroom as these conditions imply low rental. No horse trainer would permit his colts to be so broken down., But the pauperization of society itself is the most serious charge. Selected Jane Addams Quotations Nothing could be worse than the fear that one had given up too soon, and left one unexpended effort that might have saved the world. Follow AzQuotes on Facebook, Twitter and Google+. Workers joined Addams to lobby the state of Illinois to re-think laws governing child labor, and the factory inspection system to increase worker safety. Enter your email address to subscribe and receive notifications of new updates by email. He made eight boys who worked for him come to his room to receive their pay and there committed violence on each, most under the age of 14. For the next six years, she attempted to study medicine, but her own poor health derailed her. In 1889, Addams and Starr founded Hull House in Chicagos poor, industrial west side, the first settlement house in the United States. It was a responsive approach, requiring deep listening to the needs of the community, and identifying solutions with people rather than for them. It is needless to say that a Settlement is a protest against a restricted view of education. "Jane Addams." 11 Thought-Provoking Quotes By Jane Addams, The Mother Of Social Work . In the early twentieth century, newsboys were a characteristic of the urban landscape, a ubiquitous presence on big city street corners across America. Introduction: At the 1903 annual meeting of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections held in Atlanta, GA May 6-12, an entire section of presentations was devoted to child labor issues. In Addams view, the creation of a juvenile court system comprised only one aspect of larger-scale and much-needed reforms meant to eliminate abusive conditions faced by children. Bottom: Lewis Hine, "Group of newsies selling on capitol steps. The British labor leader John Burns went so far as to call Addams the first saint America had produced. Simple people who read of carnage and bloodshed easily receive its suggestions. Action indeed is the sole medium of expression for ethics. Her best known book, Twenty Years at Hull House, was about the time she spent at the settlement house. Jane Addams. National Womens History Museum, 2017. They also envisioned women living in the community center, among the people they served. Civilization is a method of living, an attitude of equal respect for all men. She also worked for women's rights and peace, and wrote several books on social ethics. Accessed 12 Aug. 2017. In 1915, she headed the, Women's Peace Party and shortly thereafter also became president of the International Congress of Women. Action indeed is the sole medium of expression for ethics. Its mission was to improve the lives of children through research and reform. Farrell, John C. Beloved Lady: A History of Jane Addams' Ideas on Reform and Peace. Two decades later, led by Hull House, the women succeeded in both re-spects. The old-fashioned weaver was obliged to possess skill and enough strength to pull his beam back and forth. Lewis, Jone Johnson. To love mercy and at the same time to do justly is the difficult task; to fulfil the first requirement alone is to fall into the error of indiscriminate giving with all its disastrous results; to fulfil the second solely is to obtain the stern policy of withholding, and it results in such a dreary lack of sympathy and understanding that the establishment of justice is impossible. Facing opposition by employers who felt child labor was the driving force of the economy and suggested it added to a childs moral fiber, the NCLC harnessed the power of propaganda National Child Labor Day, voluminous research and reports, a photography campaign to demonstrate the negative impact of exploiting children. Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes, p.227, Courier Corporation, Jane Addams (2016). , The essence of immorality is the tendency to make an exception of myself., In the unceasing ebb and flow of justice and oppression we must all dig channels as best we may, that at the propitious moment somewhat of the swelling tide may be conducted to the barren places of life., Social advance depends as much upon the process through which it is secured as upon the result itself., If the meanest man in the republic is deprived of his rights,then every man in the republic is deprived of his rights. We have all been at times entertained by the futile efforts of half a dozen highly individualized people gathered together as a committee. http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00004.html, Harvard University Library, Open Collections Program. Share motivational and inspirational quotes by JANE ADDAMS. It can have no enemies unless we constitute ourselves its enemies. Democracy and Social Ethics, p.7, University of Illinois Press, There is a mistake in the text of this quote. I believe that peace is not merely an absence of war but the nurture of human life, and that in time this nurture would do away with war as a natural process. Let us know whats wrong with this preview of. The child becomes largely what he is taught; hence we must watch what we teach, and how we live. The photos featured here are included inNewsboy Conditions in Chicago. Democracy and Social . One of the ways they brought more attention to the topic was by hiring photographer Lewis Hine to bring the horrific working conditions American boys and girls were subjected to to light. Her monopoly may be challenged, but her preeminence will remain. She joined a group of women peace activists who toured the warring nations, hoping to bring about peace. You will also, no doubt, enjoy the poignant photos of real newsboys and newsgirls who worked on the gritty streets of early twentieth-century Chicago. How are we settling it and founding it? Another boy, a sixteen-year-old from Texas moved to Chicago to work as a newsboy because black newsboys were not allowed in his town. Volume 4: 1901-1913. She returned to the United States in 1891 and joined the reform movement in Chicago. Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes, p.76, Courier Corporation, Jane Addams (2016). The essence of immorality is the tendency to make an exception of myself. Of course, even those who were not abused suffered lung ailments and other sicknesses that went untreated; and if they became too unwell to sell papers, they lost income, as well. Child Labor by Jane Addams, Florence Kelley et al. In 1902, in New York, Kelley and fellow advocate Lillian Wald, the founder of the Henry Street Settlement House, joined with the Association of Neighborhood Workers to appoint a child labor committee to investigate the problem of child labor in New York. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/jane-addams-quotes-3530104. It is doubtless only during a time of war that the men and women of Chicago could tolerate whipping for children in our city prison, and it is only during such a time that the introduction in the legislature of a bill for the re-establishment of the whipping post could be possible. In this lesson, we'll discuss Americans Jane Addams and Florence Kelley, who were advocates for many social justice causes, including Child Labor reform. Lewis, Jone Johnson. The child becomes largely what he is taught; hence we must watch what we teach, and how we live. She was awarded the. Be the first to learn about new releases! Abigail Adams was an early advocate for women's rights. What is the basis of this industry? He had merely gotten excited over cards and had stabbed his adversary with a knife. Most newsboys were fortunate to take in a fraction of Antonios income, as typical pay was just 50 cents per 100 penny papers sold each day; and most did not have the luxury to stand still in one spot and sell such a large quantity of papers. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Jane Addams, in James, Edward T., Janet Wilson James, and Paul S. Boyer, editors. We slowly learn that life consists of processes as well as results, and that failure may come quite as easily from ignoring the adequacy of one's method as from selfish or ignoble aims. The Child, the clinic and the court; by Jane Addams. On muggy and sunny summer days and on blustery winter nights, children sold the news and collected their pennies. In a speech in March 1909 about children and street trading, she complained that newsboys had fallen in the category of merchant and were not subject to child labor regulations. Peace and Bread in Time of War by Jane Addams. Her mother died in childbirth when Addams was only two years old. . Correspondents include Jane Addams, William Jennings Bryan, David Starr Jordan, Ben B. Lindsey, and S.S. McClure. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. 2017. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/jane-addams. Accessed 25 July 2017. http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/addams.html. It may be that the combination of the two can never be attained save as we fulfil still the third requirementto walk humbly with God, which may mean to walk for many dreary miles beside the lowliest of His creatures, not even in that peace of mind which the company of the humble is popularly supposed to afford, but rather with the pangs and throes to which the poor human understanding is subjected whenever it attempts to comprehend the meaning of life., For action is indeed the sole medium of expression for ethics., Yet in moments of industrial stress and strain the community is confronted by a moral perplexity which may arise from the mere fact that the good of yesterday is opposed to the good of today, and that which may appear as a choice between virtue and vice is really but a choice between virtue and virtue. If cotton manufacture is to continue to thrive at the south, it can do so only upon the basis of the intelligence and efficiency of its operatives. Many had visible injuries such as missing fingers or limbs, while others developed tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases from the conditions. Material created by the Jane Addams Project may be used under. Why, the man upon the farm does not put the burden of sustained employment upon the immature among his cattle! Habits of self-control which have been but slowly and imperfectly acquired quickly break down under the stress. American Decades, edited by Judith S. Baughman, et al., Gale, 1998. Addams, however, believed human beings were capable of solving disputes without violence. Peace and Bread in Time of War, p.85, University of Illinois Press, Jane Addams (2012). It is caused by sheer poverty, by the poverty of parents, by the ambition of parents and by the ignorance of parents as well as by the law of market which demands that a product be turned out a the least possible cost to sell at the highest possible price." Edgar Gardner Murphy, founder of the Child Labor Committee of Alabama, addressed child labor as a national problem. -- Jane Addams, "Who is to Blame for Child Labor?," July 23, 1914 The advent of industrialization in the early to mid 1800's introduced brand new conflicts in regards to the labor force. Although her religiosity waned under the heavy Christianity of Rockford, her commitment to the greater good increased. Upon the basis of this great and characteristic natural product we are creating a great, characteristic and commanding industry-cotton manufacture. It was founded in Chicago in 1889 when Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr rented an abandoned residence at 800 South Halsted Street that had been built by Charles G. Hull in 1856. The Jane Addams Papers, 1860-1960 (Microfilm), Jane Addams and the News Babies of Chicago. Addams spent a lifetime lobbying for child labor laws, and her hard-hitting articles and widely attended speeches raised public awareness about the difficulties of life for poor children, particularly those of Chicagos immigrant families. As a result, of the tireless effort of Addams, Kelley, and countless other social justice advocates, child labor was kept at the forefront of the reform movement until it was abolished in 1938, with the Fair Labor Standards Act. To learn more about the work of Jane Addams and Hull House in advocating for child protection laws, visit our Resources page. Jane Addams was an advocate of immigrants, the poor, women, and peace. A little investigation of details and motives, the accident of a personal acquaintance with two of the criminals, made it not in the least difficult to trace the murders back to the influence of war. In those times there were few checks on what employers could do, and some employers made no effort to protect the safety of their workers. In his own way each man must struggle, lest the normal law become a far-off abstraction utterly separated from his active life. One newsboy named Peter was found sleeping in News Alley at 2 a.m. on one of the coldest days of the winter. Call Number: D613 .A3. Addams created the Hull House to work with the people who would need the assistance the most. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Jane Addams and Rev. National Child Labor Committee Collection, Harvard University Library Open Collections Program, National Child Labor Committee - Social Welfare History Project, Bureau of Labor Statistics- History of child labor in the United Statespart 1: little children working, People associated with the issue of child labor, Organizations associated with the issue of child labor, Events associated with the issue of child labor. (Oxford University Press, 1973). Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. https://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/DG001-025/DG001JAddams/bibliography.htm, https://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/DG001-025/DG001JAddams/notesforresearchers.html. National events determine our ideals, as much as our ideals determine national events. One-third of the newsboys sent to one reform school in Chicago had venereal disease, an unfortunate reality for many kids who risked life and health on the streets. I recall that in planning my first European journey I had soberly hoped in two years to trace the entire pattern of human excellence as we passed from one country to another, in the shrines popular affection had consecrated to the saints, in the frequented statues erected to heroes, and in the "worn blasonry of funeral brasses" - an illustration that when we are young we all long for those mountaintops upon which we may soberly stand and dream of our own ephemeral and uncertain attempts at righteousness., Wed love your help. She was also among the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Some families even argued that child labor was good for their kids, as it would teach them responsibility. While Addams NCLC began the first major step in child labor reform, her Hull House offered a safe haven to those affected not only for children as an alternative to labor, but also for their families dealing with financial instability. Discover JANE ADDAMS famous and rare quotes. I am not one of those who believe - broadly speaking - that women are better than men. For instance, in 1916 Congress passed the Keating-Owens Act, which prohibited sales of goods from factories or companies that had children under the age of fourteen through sixteen (dependant on nature of work) working for them, or had anyone under the age of fourteen working during the hours of 7:00 PM to 6:00 AM. Improve yourself, find your inspiration, share with friends, This website or its third-party tools use cookies, which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. By Cat Clark . Aside from writing articles and giving speeches nationally about Hull House, Addams expanded her efforts to improve society. An avowed pacifist, she protested US entry into World War I, which dinged her popularity and prompted harsh criticism from some newspapers. Top: Lewis Hine, "Breaker boys in #9 Breaker, Hughestown Borough, Pa. Coal Co." Records of the National Child Labor Committee, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs. So far, we have been unable to secure any legislative action on the subject, she lamented. Edgar Murphys views on child labor reform in 1903. The good we secure for ourselves is precarious and uncertain until it is secured for all of us and incorporated into our common life. Citations She was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize. Addams was annoyed that even as Illinois had enacted a child labor law, which should have limited the working hours of all children and protected them from harsh labor conditions, it did not apply to Chicagos newsboys. Died On: May 21, 1935.
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